Objective To investigate whether the HCMV infection can cause the injury to the tissues of testicles and ovaries in rats and rabbits. Methods Fifty rats and thirty rabbits were infected with HCMV. Tissues were examined by method of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Parts of them were paraffined and dyed by HE technique. Results HCMV antigen and its DNA section were found in the testicles and ovaries of rats and rabbits. The reduction of spermatids was found in testicles with degeneration and necrosis of spermatogenetic cells. Conclusion The rats and rabbits infected with HCMV showed damages of their spermatogenetic cells and a decrease in the number of spermatozoa.