Objective To establish a rapid hyperlipidemic gerbil model.Methods Ten rats,ten mice and ten gerbils were fed with semipurified diet containing 1% cholesterol.Serum total cholesterol,triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the rats of the three groups were measured at the end of first,second,third and the fourth week and the data were compared among the 3 groups.Results Serum TC,LDL-c and HDL-c in gerbils reached a stable high level in the first week and were kept up to the fourth week,however,serum TG did not change significantly.Serum TC,TG,LDL-c and HDL-c in rats and mice were not changed.Conclusion Rapid hyperlipidemic model can be created in gerbils.