ObjectiveTo establish mouse models of ulcerative colitis (UC) by acetic acid (AA), dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), and Helicobacter pylori (Hp), and to determine the best UC mouse model assessed by histopathological comparison.MethodsForty male BALB/C mice were randomly divided into four groups:the experimental group I was induced by acetic acid, the group II was fed with 3.5% DSS solution, and the group III was infected with Hp. The control group received distilled water only. In all animals, the body weight, stool consistency and occult blood were observed daily, and the gross and histopathological changes of the colon were examined. ResultsBoth acetic acid and DSS could result in ulcerative colitis in the mice. ConclusionsHelicobacter pyroli is not suitable to generate UC mouse models. Acetic acid is not suitable for establishing UC mouse models for longer period observation. The mouse UC models induced by DSS is an ideal model, suitable for studies of pathogenesis and drug therapy of ulcerative colitis.