Objective Maternal dietary modifications determine the susceptibility to metabolic diseases in adult life. However, whether maternal high-fat diet can induce early-onset aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring mice is less understood. Materials and Methods We examined the effects of feeding the pregnant mice with either a high fat diet or nornal chow diet throughout pregnancy and lactation on the glucose and lipid metabolism in their offsprings. Some glucose and lipid metabolism biomarkers and hepatic histology were analyzed. Results At weaning, for males of dams fed high-fat diet, they had heavier body weight, the blood glucose levels were significantly higher at 30 min (P<0.001) and 60 min (P<0.01) after intraperitoneal glucose administration, and the AUC was also significantly larger(P=0.0016) and HOMA-IR was higher(P<0.05). For females of dams fed high-fat diet, they had higher blood glucose levels at 30 min (P<0.01) after intraperitoneal glucose administration. No significant differences were observed of AUC and HOMA-IR. Both males and females of dams fed high-fat diet had elevated total cholesterol levels(P<0.0001 and P=0.0004, respectively). Triglyceride levels showed no significant differences between the two groups of males and females. The offsprings of high-fat diet group indicated hepatic steatosis and there were no differences between males and females. Conclusions Maternal high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation can induce early-onset aberrant glucose and lipid metabolism in offspring mice, and the male offsprings are more prone to metabolic changes, such as obesity, glucose intolerance and insulin resistance.