Objective To establish a mouse model of kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency after oral administration of hydrocortisone, and to explore the related evaluation factors.Methods The model was established by oral administration of hydrocortisone to induce kidney-yin and kidney-yang deficiency in mice. The survival and body weight of the mice were observed. The serum content of adrenal cortical hormone (ACTH), cortisol (Cor.) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyrox (T4) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis were determined by radioimmunoassay.Results The body weight of kidney-yin and kidney-yang mice were decreased, the serum ACTH, Cor, TSH, T3, T4 contents were decreased, the serum FSH, E2, T contents were increased in the kidney-yang deficiency model mce (P<0.01), and those parameters in the kidney-yin deficiency model mice were changed in opposite direction. Conclusions It is found that the hormone levels of ACTH, Cor, TSH, T3, T4, FSH, E2 and T in kidney deficiency mice are changed, and cortisol can be used as an important index to evaluate the model of kidney deficiency induced by glucocorticoid.