Objective The aim of this work was to study whether PM_2.5 induces oxidative stress and histopathological changes in uterine tissue of rats. Methods Thirty 4-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (normal saline), the low dose of PM_2.5 group (1.5 mg/kg) and the high dose of PM_2.5 group (37.5 mg/kg). After exposed to PM_2.5 for 10 days, the rats were sacrificed to examine the histopathological changes in uterine tissues using H&E staining. The contents of SOD, GSH, MDA and LDH were also determined in the uterine tissues.Results Compared with the control group, PM_2.5 caused changes in the uterine structure, showing a thinner endometrial epithelium and reduction of stromal cells and blood vessels. The assessment of oxidative stress parameters showed that the levels of MDA and LDH in the high dose group were (6.53±1.24) nmol/mg prot and (265.62±24.65) U/g prot, significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the levels of SOD and GSH in the high dose and low dose groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusions PM_2.5 exposure can cause damages in the rat uterus by inducing oxidative stress.