Objective To establish and evaluate a patient?derived orthotopic xenograft ( PDOX) model of pancreatic cancer. Methods Tissues of patient?derived pancreatic tumor were transplanted into nude mouse pancreas by surgery. The PDOX models were evaluated by the small animal near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging and PET/ CT. The traceability of PDOX models was detected by STR technology, and the pathological changes were observed by H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, and serum level of CA19?9 was detected by ELISA. Results Apparent NIRF were observed to be accumulated in pancreatic site by optical imaging system. The location and size of the xenografts tumor were revealed by fluorescence intensity. The PET/ CT images with 18 F?FDG molecular probe confirmed the tumor’s location and size. Ex vivo NIRF imaging of isolated organ further showed the tumor formation. The traceability of PDOX models was 99.99% with human origin. H&E staining pathology and immunohistochemistry indicated the pancreatic cancer characteristics. The high serum level of ca19?9 confirmed the mice bearing tumor. Conclusions Pancreatic PDOX modelsare successfully established in this study, and it can be evaluated comprehensively by NIRF optical imaging and PET/ CT, providing an appropriate platform for further research of pancreatic cancer.