Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model animal for studies on host-pathogen interactions. Because ofits optical transparency, the zebrafish larval infection model facilitates exploring the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium infectionin vivo in real time. In addition, the immune system of zebrafish larvae provides the conditions to explore the mechanisms ofimmune interactions between Mycobacterium marinum and the host. It is also popular because of its short developmentcycle, high reproductive yield, and low feeding conditions. Mycobacterium marinum is an alternative bacterium fortuberculosis research, because of its simple environmental requirements and high genetic similarity with Mycobacteriumtuberculosis. Therefore, the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum infection model has become one of the most effective research tools to reveal the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and develop drugs.