Campylobacter jejuni can cause foodborne gastrointestinal diseases and has an important impact on human health. However, establishment of a mouse infection model is currently an obstacle for research of this bacterium. This article reviews the key factors that affect the establishment of the C. jejuni infection model, including strain virulence factors, mouse breeds, immune function, intestinal flora, diet composition and host adaptation, among others, in order to provide a reference for the successful establishment of a suitable mouse infection model.