Recently, naked mole-rats have become increasingly used in scientific research because of their advantages in anti-tumor, anti-hypoxia, anti-pain and long life-span studies. In this article, we summarize the brain morphology of naked mole-rats, and systematically describe the central structures of the brain that control the functions of vision, hearing, olfactory sense and sensation, and the adaptation of naked mole-rats to low oxygen, darkness and other underground environments. The naked mole rat is expected to become a dominant animal model for the study of neurodegenerative diseases and other aspects of neurological disorders, and may promote the development of medicines for human neurological health in the future.