Maternal immune activation ( MIA) result from immune system stimulation during pregnancy. In addition, it can cause the offspring to develop autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia (SZ), neural tube defects (NTD), and other mental illness, according to epidemiological research, which have indicated that MIA increases the chance of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in kids. To better understand the pathophysiology of linked mental illnesses and investigate efficient preventative and treatment options, it is crucial to construct animal models of MIA. In order to provide theoretical guidance for the pertinent experimental research and clinical therapy, this paper analyzes the selection of animals used to test MIA, the choice of modeling medications, the pathological alterations of offspring, and the applicable therapeutic options.