Zbrafish is one of the most common model organisms. Because of its sensitivity to the external environment, zebrafish is commonly used as an ecotoxicology model and a good living tool for environmental assessment. This article reviews the research progress of zebrafish in the field of radiobiology, including the accumulation and discharge of 137Cs in water by zebrafish, the effects of γ-rays, tritium, and X-rays on growth and development of zebrafish larvae, population effects of ionizing radiation on multigenerational and intergenerational zebrafish, and the research of zebrafish in radiation protection agents, DNA damage repair proteins, and radiation sensitizers. Ultimately, this review aims to provide reference for further research of zebrafish in the field of radiobiology.