Objective A rat model of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea was established and treated with Baitouweng and Lizhong decoctions to analyze differences in clinical symptoms, cell density, and oxidative stress indexes of diarrhea rats with different syndrome types of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea, and provide an Objective basis to explore the treatment characteristics of diarrhea with the same disease and different treatment. Methods SD rats were divided into blank (CON), dampness heat diarrhea model (DHD), dampness heat + Baitouweng decoction (DHB), dampness heat + Lizhong decoction (DHL), cold dampness diarrhea model group (CDD), cold dampness + Lizhong decoction (CDL), and cold dampness + Baitouweng decoction group (CDB) groups. The rat model of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea was established by a senna leaf + damp heat and cold damp environment. Baitouweng and Lizhong decoctions were used in the prescription and syndrome test. Clinical symptoms of rats were recorded. HE was used to observe pathological changes in spleen tissues. The densities of goblet and Paneth cells in the colon and ileum were observed by AB-PAS staining. Nrf2, HO-1, and AQP-4 expression was detected by Western Blot. Results (1)The rat model of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea was successfully established, and the clinical symptoms of damp heat diarrhea rats was obvious. (2)Baitouweng and Lizhong decoctions effectively improved clinical symptoms and spleen pathological changes of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea rats. (3)The densities of goblet and Paneth cells were decreased in diarrhea rats (P<0. 01), especially in damp heat diarrhea rats. Baitouweng and Lizhong decoction regulated the densities of goblet and Paneth cells in damp heat and cold damp diarrhea rats, respectively (P<0. 01). (4)Nrf2, HO-1, and AQP-4 expression was decreased in the colon of diarrhea rats (P<0. 01). Baitouweng and Lizhong decoctions increased Nrf2, HO-1, and AQP-4 expression in the colon of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea rats, respectively (P<0. 01). Conclusions The model of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea was successfully established, and the clinical symptoms of damp heat diarrhea rats were obvious. There was no significant difference between spleen pathological changes and the densities of goblet and Paneth cells between the two models. Compared with damp heat diarrhea rats, the changes in antioxidant indexes in cold damp diarrhea rats were more obvious. Baitouweng and Lizhong decoction had significant effects on the treatment of damp heat and cold damp diarrhea, but had no effect on the treatment of cold damp and damp heat diarrhea, which provides an Objective basis for the research on the same disease but different treatments of diarrhea.