Objective To discuss the elements of establishment and test indexes of osteoporosis animal models to provide a reference for standardization of the osteoporosis animal model. Methods Literature related to animal models of osteoporosis in the past 10 years was retrieved from China Knowledge Network, Wanfang, VIP, and PubMed databases. These data were analyzed using Excel and SPSS Modeler 18?? 0 to summarize the types of experimental animals, modeling method, and test indexes. Results A total of 457 studies were screened and included. Animal models of primary osteoporosis were mainly established in ovariectomized rat. The animal models of secondary osteoporosis were mainly established by glucocorticoid drugs. The main test indexes were bone mineral density, serum biochemical indexes related to bone metabolism, bone tissue morphology and pathological observations, bone microstructure, and bone biomechanics. Conclusions At present, ovariectomy and glucocorticoid induction in rats are the main method to establish osteoporosis models. A uniform standard has not been established for animal models of osteoporosis. Osteoporosis models require comprehensive evaluation by bone mineral density, serum biochemical indexes related to bone metabolism, bone tissue morphology and pathological observations, bone microstructure, and bone biomechanics.