Objective To study the modeling characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in animal models and to provide references for standardizing animal models of HBV infection. Methods We retrieved relevant literature published in the previous decade from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, WanFang, and PubMed databases. The type of experimental animal, modeling method, timing of administration, positive controls, and high?frequency detection indicators were recorded and analyzed. Results In total, 59 articles that met the criteria were included. The main animals used for HBV infection models were C57BL/6 and BALB/ c mice. The most frequently used modeling method was hydrodynamic injection, and other method included intravenous, adeno?associated virus (AAV)?HBV infection, intraperitoneal injection, transgenic method, hypodermic injection, and natural infection. All positive controls were treated with antiviral drugs, with lamivudine being the most frequently used drug. Most drugs were administered for 14 days. The main detection indicators were serum virologic indices, including HBsAg, HBV DNA, and HBeAg. Some studies combined pathological examination of liver puncture tissue and aminotransferase levels to evaluate disease progression following HBV infection. Conclusions This study screened the most widely used animal models of HBV infection and the evaluation indicators, summarized the principle and specific method of modeling, and evaluated different HBV infection models by data mining to provide a reference for model application.