Ketogenic diet can supplement blood ketone, provide energy for skeletal muscle, and affect the athletic performance and recovery of animals and humans after fatigue. In this paper, it was found that ketogenic diet transformed muscle fibers from Ⅱb to Ⅱa through axonal germination and nerve reinnervation, improved the quality and function of mitochondria of fast muscle and increased histone acetyltransferase to enhance skeletal muscle strength. Using ketone body to provide energy, it can reduce glycolysis and improve the ability of fatty acid oxidation in slow muscle to improve exercise endurance; It can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of skeletal muscle, protect the body from injury, reduce the consumption of muscle glycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid, reduce fatigue after exercise and promote recovery. It is considered that ketogenic diet has low negative effects on the body, can improve sports performance and accelerate fatigue recovery, and can be used as a diet scheme in competitive sports and rehabilitation training.