Zebrafish is a relatively new experimental animal model with unique characteristics that enable its wide use in research on many human diseases. The exploration of anti-tumor drugs and other clinical treatments remain the focus of current research on cancer. Zebrafish characteristics, including rapid development, ease of observation,high genetic homology, and low-cost gene editing, make them highly useful for tumor research. By covering the applications of zebrafish in anti-tumor drug research and clinical studies, this review aims to provide valuable insights for the further utilization of zebrafish in cancer drug screening, assessment of drug activity and toxicity, and clinical research.