Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis ( PIF) are chronic pulmonary diseases that severely impair lung function. COPD combined with PIF (COPD-PIF) exacerbates lung-tissue damage, accelerates disease progression, and significantly worsens patient prognosis. However, the exact pathogenesis of COPD-PIF remains unclear, and effective treatment options are still lacking. Animal models have recently played a crucial role in elucidating the pathological mechanisms of COPD-PIF and facilitating new drug development. Current COPD models are primarily established by single-factor induction ( such as cigarette smoke exposure or lipopolysaccharide injection) or multi-factor combination method, while PIF models mainly rely on bleomycin induction. The administration route ( e. g. , intratracheal instillation, aerosol inhalation, or intravenous injection) affects the stability and reproducibility of these models. Although various COPD-PIF animal models have been developed and utilized for research, challenges remain in establishing a standardized and reliable model that fully mimics human disease characteristics. Additionally, although the order in which COPD and PIF are induced may influence the pathological manifestations, there is no consensus in current studies. Further investigations into the pathogenesis of COPD-PIF and the identification of effective therapeutic strategies require more research focusing on optimizing modeling techniques, improving model stability and reproducibility, and developing animal models that better reflect the clinical characteristics of COPD-PIF. These efforts will contribute to advancing fundamental research and facilitating new drug development in this field.