Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) is a learned form of nausea and vomiting that occurs when chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting are inadequately controlled. Patients often develop nausea and vomiting prior to subsequent chemotherapy sessions, a phenomenon termed ANV, with the severity correlating positively with the patient’s anxiety and depression levels. Although approximately 20% ~ 30% of patients develop ANV by the fourth chemotherapy cycle, current treatment options for ANV remain limited, highlighting the need to elucidate its pathogenesis, explore effective therapies, and develop novel pharmacological agents. The establishment of ANV animal models plays an indispensable role in this process; however, no ideal preclinical model has yet fully and accurately replicated all features of ANV onset and progression observed in chemotherapy patients. This article systematically reviews recent advances in method ologies for establishing ANV animal models, including the selection of experimental species, common emetic agents, and protocols for modeling ANV in rats using lithium chloride. The review aims to provide references to aid the design of more precise animal models and to offer a foundation for further investigations into ANV mechanisms and potential drug development.