Skeletal muscle injury ( SMI) is relatively common in clinical practice, and there are different understandings and approaches to its pathogenesis and treatment strategies between Chinese and western medicine.The development of animal models of SMI that can reflect the clinical characteristics of Chinese and western medicine is of great significance to the in-depth study of its pathogenesis and the exploration of effective treatment method. In this paper, starting from the Chinese and western medical etiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and identification and typing of SMI, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the construction method and characteristics of the existing animal models and their compatibility with Chinese and western medical conditions. The result showed that the heavy falling blow model had the highest degree of agreement with Chinese and western medical conditions, with 69. 6% of Chinese and Western medical agreement and 49. 4% of Chinese medical agreement;followed by the exercise-induced model, with 49. 8% of western medical agreement and 44. 1% of Chinese medical agreement; and chemical stimulation and ischemia / reperfusion models had the lowest degree of agreement. Overall,the animal models of SMI involved in this paper were better than the Chinese medical model in terms of western medical agreement, and the existing models were difficult to correspond accurately with the Chinese medical diagnosis and typing. Therefore, the construction of animal models that can accurately reflect the characteristics of Chinese and western medicine and Chinese medicine patterns is still an important direction for future research.