Abstract: objective To amplify the xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO) gene fragment from liver tissue of rhesus monkey for further research． Metheds Total RNA was extracted from the liver tissue for amplification of XDH/XO gene fragment by two-step RT-PCR. The sequence of amplified nucleotide acids was analyzed by Multiple alignment of DNAMAN software after gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The sequence were comparised with the other species of Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus, Sus scrofa from gene bank．Sequencing results by DNAMAN software predicted amino acid sequence. Conserved domains and protein three-dimensional structure of XDH/XO was analysised by tools of InterProScan and SWISS-MODEL. Results The expected 683bp fragment was obtained by two-step RT-PCR. This nucleotide acide was predicted that it encoded an open reading frame with 158 amino acids by DNAMAN software. The amplified fragment sequence comparison with the XDH/XO gene showed nucleotide homologies of 95.6% with Homo sapiens（U39487.1），85.2% with Mus musculus（NM0111723.2），84.3% with Rattus norvegicus（NM 017154.4）， 86.1% with Sus scrofa（JN896312.1）in GenBank. It has more similarity within difference species. The bioinformatic analysis showed that XDH/XO-encoding protein contained Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase molybdopterin binding domain、Xanthine Dehydrogenase domain. Conclusion The XDH/XO gene fragment has been successfully amplified from liver tissue of rhesus monkey. It lay the foundation for further studies on pathogenic mechanism of hyperuricemia, on new effective medicine to treat hyperuricemia