Objective To analyze the tissue distribution, viral excretion and serological antibody in BALB/c mice artificial infected Minute Virus of Mice (MVM), and the nature infectious situations in mice. Methods Thirty-three BALB/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with 0.2mL of MVM in 1.2?07 copies/μL concentration. The general status of the animals was observed daily post inoculation. The animals, whose tissue, faeces and serum samples were taken, were respectively euthanatized at 12 time points before and after inoculation (2-3 animals at each time point). QPCR method was used to detect the viral nucleic acid of tissue and feces, and the serological antibody against MVM was tested by ELISA method. Meanwhile, other clinical samples of SPF mice and mice in open housing were collected for testing viral nucleic acid and antibody. Result There were no clinical symptoms and pathological changes among all infected mice. The viral loads of each tissue reached the peak at 4 d or 7 d post inoculation, and then were generally on a declining curve, but were still found at 60 d. In order of peak of viral loads of each tissue, the highest tissue was liver, and then kidney, spleen, stomach, heart, lung, cecum and brain. The viral loads of faeces hitted the peak at 11 d, and then dropped rapidly, but could be detectable at 60 d. The antibody could be detected at 7 d, and then gradually raised. The antibody dilution degrees reached 32 at 21 d, and maintained high levels with 16 to 128 during 32 d to 60 d. In the clinical samples, the nucleic acid tests were negative in SPF mice, however, the positive rate was 14.5% in mice in open housing. Meanwhile, the antibodies of MVM showed a low positive rate in SPF mice, and the positive rate was 68.3% in mice in open housing. Conclusion The mice generally present inapparent infection after inoculation of MVM. However, the infected mice can shed virus in the long term, and viral loads of tissues and serological antibody can maintain a long time. Thus, MVM can be detected by testing viral nucleic acid and serological antibody.