5×FAD mice (Transgenic mice with five familial Alzheimer's disease) are APP/PS1 transgenic mice carrying five familial gene mutations. With beta-amyloid precursor protein (amyloid precursor protein, APP) related to the mutation of K670N/M671L (Swedish), 1716 v (Florida) and V7171 (London), and the old element - 1 (early presenilin 1, PS1) were MI46L and L286. 5×FAD mice had A large amount of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain at 1.5 months of age, and neuritic plaques (NP) began to appear at 2 months of age. The pathological phenotypes of 5×FAD mice included amyloid plaque aggregation, neuronal loss, gliosis, and memory dysfunction.The biological characteristics of 5×FAD mice may involve changes in the formation of brain Aβ plaques, hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, synaptic dysfunction, neuroinflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier injury, neuronal injury, endoplasmic reticulum stress and eye lesions. As a classic animal model of Alzheimer's disease, 5×FAD transgenic mice can simulate the neuropathological process and behavioral manifestations of AD patients in the late stage, and are widely used in the pathogenesis of AD and the development of new drugs for AD. In this paper, the model construction, biological background, biological characteristics of 5×FAD transgenic mice and the development and application of AD prevention and treatment drugs were summarized and reviewed, in order to provide reference for the application of 5×FAD transgenic mice in AD research.