Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the changes of intestinal flora and the characteristics of short-chain fatty acid metabolism in hyperlipidemic rats induced by two different high-fat diets, and to explore the possible microscopic mechanism of hyperlipidemia from the point of view of host-intestinal flora-metabolism. Methods SPF SD rats were divided into two groups: (1) normal diet group (CG group), fed with high fat diet group (HFD1 group), fed with high fat diet group (HFD1 group), and fed with high fat diet group (HFD2 group). Rats were fed with 80g high fat diet and unlimited maintenance diet.燗fter 8 weeks, the levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured, and the pathological changes of liver tissue and perirenal fat were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.燭he contents of colon were taken for 16s rRNA high-throughput sequencing to observe the changes of the structure and function of intestinal flora and the content of short-chain fatty acids in colon contents. Result Compared with CG group, food intake decreased and body weight increased in HFD1 group and HFD2 group, serum TC, TG and LDL-C increased significantly, liver tissue showed obvious steatosis and perirenal fat showed inflammatory lesions. After high-fat intervention, the relative abundance of intestinal microflora in rats changed significantly and there were gender differences, in which the relative abundance of Lactobacillus decreased significantly, and the structure and function of Lactobacillus decreased significantly, including total short-chain fatty acids, acetic acid, butyric acid and isobutyric acid. Conclusion The two kinds of high-fat diet can cause hyperlipidemia in rats, and the pathogenesis is basically the same, which is related to lipid metabolism and intestinal flora disorder. Daily restriction of a certain amount of high-fat diet can not only reduce the effect of high-fat diet on rat appetite, but also improve the stability of rat hyperlipidemia model preparation.