Objective: To summarize the effects of ketogenic diet on sports performance and fatigue recovery of animals and human beings, so as to provide a diet plan for competitive sports and rehabilitation training. Methods: Database PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI, VIP, WANFANG, CBM were selected. With "(ketogenic diet) and (athletic performance) or (exercise fatigue recovery)"as the retrieval formula, the retrieval period is not limited, and according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, 42 related literatures were finally included. Results: Ketogenic diet can increase blood ketone, provide energy for skeletal muscle, and play a certain regulatory role in skeletal muscle performance and fatigue recovery. ①Ketogenic diet transforms muscle fiber Ⅱb into Ⅱa through axonal germination and nerve reinnervation, improves the quality and function of mitochondria of fast muscle, and increases histone acetyltransferase to enhance skeletal muscle strength; ②Ketogenic diet uses ketone bodies to provide energy, which can reduce glycolysis and improve the ability of fatty acid oxidation in slow muscles to improve skeletal exercise endurance; ③Ketogenic diet can reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction of skeletal muscle, protect the body from injury, reduce the consumption of muscle glycogen and the accumulation of lactic acid, relieve fatigue after exercise and promote fatigue recovery. Conclusion: Ketogenic diet has low negative effects on the body, can improve the sports performance and fatigue recovery of animals, plays a maintenance role in humans, and can be used as a diet scheme in competitive sports and rehabilitation training.