Atherosclerosis (AS) is a potential risk factor for common cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Prevention and treatment of AS and research and development of anti-AS drugs have been a focus in the field of medicine. Selection of the ideal AS animal model is important to study prevention and control measures of AS and to research and develop traditional Chinese medicine for AS. The ideal animal model of AS should have similar pathogenesis to human AS, consistent pathological and biochemical reactions, high repeatability, simple operation, and easy adoption. Mice have the characteristics of strong reproduction, high heritability, good plasticity, and fast modeling of AS, and they have become ideal animals for AS research. In this article, the replication methods of the mouse AS model established by various intervention factors were compared and analyzed to provide a reference and ideas for prevention and treatment of AS and research and development of traditional Chinese medicine for AS.