Non human primates (NHPs) are susceptible hosts of tuberculosis(TB). After infection, TB will not only spread among populations, but also spread to humans. Currently, there is no effective vaccine to prevent NHPs from TB. Although current prevention and control protocols are more mature and have reduced the incidence of NHPs TB in captivity, outbreaks continue to occur. This article summarized the epidemiological situation of TB in monkeys in captivity and wild environment around the world, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the current common detection methods, and summarized the most common practice of the current prevention and control of NHPs, indicating that TB poses a great threat to NHPs, so as to improve the awareness of TB among NHPs breeding workers and managers, provide a basis for improving the current management procedures, and provide a reference for the diagnosis, prevention and control of monkey tuberculosis in China.