OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of exercise combined with probiotic intervention on glycolipid metabolism, oxidative stress and skeletal muscle satellite cell expression in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods: Sixty 8-week-old SPF-grade SD male rats, 10 rats were randomly selected as the normal control group (NC), and the rest of the rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin, of which 40 rats with blood glucose concentration ≥16.7 mmol /L were shown to have successful establishment of diabetes mellitus, and were randomly divided into the model group (TN), the exercise + diabetes group (YTN), the probiotic + diabetes group (GTN), and the exercise + After 6 weeks of aerobic treadmill exercise with incremental loads, glycemic and lipid metabolism indexes, oxidative stress indexes, and the expression of skeletal muscle satellite cell proteins were measured in rats.RESULTS: ①The levels of FBG, FINS, HBA1C and HOMA-IR in rats in the TN, YTN, GTN and YGTN groups were higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.01); the levels of FBG in rats in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN, YTN, GTN and YGTN groups (P < 0.05); the levels of serum FINS in rats in the YTN, GTN and YGTN groups were decreased compared with those in the YTN, GTN and YGTN groups (P < 0.05); serum FINS levels of rats in YTN, GTN and YGTN groups were all decreased compared with those in TN group (P < 0.01); serum HBA1C levels of rats in YGTN group were all lower than those in TN, YTN and GTN groups (P < 0.01). The HOMA-IR indices of rats in the YTN and GTN groups were all lower than those in the TN group (P < 0.01), and the HOMA-IR indices of rats in the YGTN group decreased more significantly when compared with those in the TN, YTN and GTN groups (P < 0.01).②The serum T-CHO, TG, LDL and FFA levels of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.05), and those of rats in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN group (P < 0.05), and basically restored to the level of the NC group.The serum HDL levels of rats in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group (P < 0.05), and those of rats in the YGTN group The serum HDL level of rats in TN group was lower than that of NC group (P < 0.05), and that of rats in YGTN group was higher than that of TN group (P < 0.05), which was basically restored to the level of quiet group.③The serum MDA and 8-isoPGF2α levels of rats in the TN group were higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the serum MDA and 8-isoPGF2α levels of rats in the YGTN group were lower than those in the TN group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the serum CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC levels of rats in the TN group were lower than those in the NC group (P < 0.01), and serum CAT, SOD, GSH-Px and T-AOC levels of rats in the YGTN group were higher than those in the NC group (P < 0.01), but basically restored to the level at quiet time.④The protein expression of Pax7, MyoD, MyoG and Myf5 in the skeletal muscle of rats in the TN group was lower than that in the NC group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the protein expression of Pax7, MyoD, MyoG and Myf5 in the skeletal muscle of rats in the YGTN group was higher than that in the TN group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); basically, it was restored to the level of the NC group.In the TN group, the protein expression of MSTN protein expression was higher in the TN group than in the NC group (P < 0.05), and that in the YGTN group was lower than that in the TN group (P < 0.05); it was basically restored to the level of the NC group.CONCLUSION: It was shown that probiotics and aerobic exercise had a synergistic effect in improving blood glucose and insulin levels in type II diabetic rats, attenuating insulin resistance, improving lipids and oxidative radicals, and preventing the phenomenon of disturbed glucose metabolism in diabetic rats, thus achieving the regulation of the dynamic equilibrium within the organism. In addition, aerobic exercise combined with probiotics promoted myoblast differentiation, which played a role in preventing T2DM-induced loss of muscle mass and strength as well as muscle tissue complications.