To observe the change of Inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), lung tissue and serum of the rat pneumonia model induced by inhalation of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ). Methods At 3 days after modeling with inhalation of LPS 4 mg/mL，15min/d, and monitoring the particle size distribution and aerosol concentration of LPS, inflammation degree of HE staining lung tissue of rats in each group was observed, and the neutrophils in BALF counted by microscope, the contents of interferon gamma(IFN-γ), interleukin-1bata(IL-1β), interleukin-4(IL-4), interleukin-5(IL-5), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10), interleukin-13(IL- 13),tumor necrosls factor alpha(TNF-α), KC/GRO in lung tissue, serum and BALF were detected by Meso Scale Discovery( MSD) ．Results Histopathology in lung tissues of model rats behave focal and diffuse alveolar epithelial necrosis with shedding, and induced the aggregation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The particle size distribution of atomized LPS as follows, Dv(10)=0.6974(μm), Dv(50)=3.387(μm) Dv(90)=8.836(μm). The aerosol concentration of LPS is 4.08g/m3, and the calculated inhalation dose for rats is 47.10 mg/kg. The contents of neutrophils count of model rats) increase significantly in BALF; The contents of IL-1β,IL-6 and KC/GRO in lung tissue of model rats increase significantly(P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01). The contents of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in BAIF of model rats increase significantly(P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.001). No biological Significant changes was observed in Inflammatory factors of serum. Conclusion IL-1β、IL-6、KC/GRO and TNF-α changed significantly in model rats induced by inhalation of lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ). The model rats are local inflammation of the lungs, and inflammatory factors of serum had no significant changes. Inflammatory factors in lung tissue and lung lavage fluid are more prone to significant changes.