Radiation-Induced Heart Disease (RIHD) is a serious complication after radiation therapy in patients with thoracic tumors, which significantly affects the long-term survival of cancer patients treated with radiation therapy.The study of the pathogenesis of RIHD and the development of effective therapeutic agents are urgent problems, and the establishment of a high-quality RIHD animal model is the key to solve this problem. In this paper, we reviewed the key factors for the construction of RIHD model, including the selection of animal species, type of radiation, irradiation dose, number of irradiation, radiation site, and modeling time, as well as model evaluation methods and criteria; at the same time, based on the mechanisms of DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial damage, activation of the RAAS system, myocardial fibrosis, etc., we summarized the potential pathogenic mechanis[1]m of RIHD and the relationship between the mechanisms, in order to construct a model for the development of RIHD and the development of effective drugs. It summarizes the potential pathogenesis of RIHD and the relationship between each mechanism, and provides a reference basis for the construction of RIHD animal model and the mechanism research of RIHD.