To study the main sleep deprivation models at home and abroad in recent years, and to explore their application in the four major chronic diseases in China. Sleep deprivation models of rats and mice mainly include improved multi-platform water method, light electric shock method, active wheel method, CPW paradigm method, sleep deprivation device method, gentle method, sleep fragmentation, etc.; Zebrafish sleep deprivation models mainly include light method, mild method, ecological flow method, etc.; Drosophila sleep deprivation models mainly include mechanical methods, repeated light methods, and gene editing methods. The four chronic diseases of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes have an increasingly significant impact on human health. Understanding the application of sleep deprivation models in the four chronic diseases will provide theoretical reference for animal models for future research on the four chronic diseases.