Endometriosis(EMs) occurs in women of childbearing age and affects the physical and mental health of patients, yet there is no clinical cure. In order to understand the pathogenesis of EMs and guide clinical treatment, the establishment of suitable animal models is essential. Currently, rodents are the preferred choice due to their low cost, well-defined reproductive cycles, and short modeling time. Traditional rodent models of endometriosis include autologous transplantation models, allogeneic transplantation models, and xenogeneic transplantation models. Researchers have also optimized existing models to better simulate human disease states or clinical symptoms. This review summarizes various rodent models of endometriosis, factors influencing model development, and criteria for assessing success rates, and discusses future directions for animal model development.