Anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) is a learned form of nausea and vomiting that occurs when chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are inadequately controlled. Patients often develop nausea and vomiting?prior to subsequent chemotherapy sessions, a phenomenon termed ANV, whose severity correlates positively with the patient""s anxiety and depression levels. Approximately 20%-30% of patients develop ANV by the fourth chemotherapy cycle. However, current treatment options for ANV remain limited, making it an urgent priority to elucidate its pathogenesis, explore effective therapies, and develop novel pharmacological agents. In this process, the establishment of ANV animal models plays an indispensable role. To date, no ideal preclinical model has fully and accurately replicated all features of ANV onset and progression observed in chemotherapy patients. This article systematically reviews recent advances in methodologies for establishing ANV animal models, including the selection of experimental species, common emetic agents, and protocols for modeling ANV in rats using lithium chloride. The review aims to provide references for designing more precise animal models and to offer a foundation for further investigations into ANV mechanisms and potential drug development.