Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) significantly influence the progression and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) by remodeling the tumor microenvironment (TME). Identifying key molecular drivers of this remodeling is critical for advancing cancer research. The monoamine oxidase (MAO) family, comprising two subtypes (MAOA and MAOB), is a group of mitochondrial outer membrane oxidases that regulate monoamine metabolism through oxidative deamination. Aberrant MAO expression is closely associated with PCa growth, invasion, metastasis, poor prognosis, and TME remodeling. This review is based on different types of animal models, systematically summarizes the biological roles of distinct MAO subtypes in CAFs and their contributions to PCa pathogenesis. We further explore the potential of MAO inhibitors in combination therapies for PCa, focusing on their differential expression profiles and functional specificity. Additionally, we propose precision diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting MAO subtypes, aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets for personalized PCa treatment.