Aging is an inevitable biological process in organisms, accompanied by the decline of multiple physiological functions and increased risk of diseases. With the intensification of global aging, the research associated with mechanisms and the development of anti-aging drugs have become critical topics in the biomedical field. Aging animal models are pivotal tools for investigating aging mechanisms and developing anti-aging interventions. This review comprehensively summarizes current mainstream aging models, including invertebrate models (e.g., C. elegans, Drosophila), naturally aged mice, genetically engineered progeria models (e.g., SAMP8, Lmna mutant mice, Klotho knockout mice, SIRT6-deficient mice), chemically induced models (D-galactose, ozone, cigarette smoke), and physically induced models (UV/γ-ray irradiation, thymectomy), as well as long-lived species (e.g., naked mole rats, bats). Each model exhibits unique advantages and limitations in mimicking human aging phenotypes, screening therapeutic targets, and evaluating anti-aging compounds. This review provides a systematic framework for model selection and highlights technological trends in aging research and translational medicine.