ObjectiveTo establish a mouse model of tuberculosis by simulating natural infection and make a comprehensive evaluation to the pathological changes of this model.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv by aerosol inhalation. At 4^th, 6^th and 8^th week after infection, the infected mice were scanned by micro-CT and the lungs and spleens were taken for pathological examination (HE and acid-fast staining) and colony counting.ResultsThe deterioration of lung infection in mice were indicated by visual observation and micro-CT scanning results, and diffuse infection throughout the whole lungs at 8^th week. The presence of granulomatous consolidation and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lungs were revealed by HE and acid-fast staining. ConclusionsThe mouse model of tuberculosis has been successfully established according to the comprehensive analysis by gross inspection, histopathology, imaging and colony counting. Although this mouse model could not completely represent the same situation of tuberculosis in humans, it may find reasonable application and promote researches relevant to tuberculosis.