Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplanted into the unilateral lesioned substantia nigra (SN), changes of postural asymmetry and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in SN of Parkinson’s disease(PD) model rats, as well as the survival and differentiation of BMSCs. Methods 6-hydroxydopamine(6-OHDA) was injected into rat right SN and medial forebrain bundle, performed the behavioral test. Then the PD rats were randomly divided into transplant group and control group. The PD rats rotational behavior were induced by apomorphine (APO) after BMSCs transplanted into SN for 4 weeks and 8 weeks, and the survival and differentiation of BMSCs transplanted into SN of PD rats were detected by immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent methods. Results After BMSCs being transplanted into the SN of PD rats, the number of rotations reduced from 10.62?.97 r/min to 4.65?.08 r/min(P<0.01), while the number of positive TH cells in SN and the density of positive TH fibers in striatum were increased significantly. The transplanted BMSCs in PD rats can survival at least 8 weeks, and part of cells could differentiate to neural stem cells, neurons and glial cells. Conclusion Transplanted BMSCs into SN of PD rats may have therapeutic effects for PD model rats.