Tree shrews have an excellent visual system, their cones accounted for 96% of the photorecepter cells, so that their color vision and stereo vision are well developed. With their rich resources and low cost, tree shrews have been considered as an ideal animal model in eye research in comparative medicine and genomics research. The ophthalmological research on tree shrew mainly focused on the establishment of myopia model, as well as the changes in myopic sclera and choroids, and the basic studies of their retina, optic and visual cortex. This paper reviewed the basic ophthalmological research of tree shrew.