Leukemia is often referred to as a “blood cancer”. The basic characteristic of the disease is thatleukemic cells become malignant and cause unrestricted proliferation in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues.Then, these cells infiltrate all tissues and organs of the body causing various symptoms, and make patients prone to seriousinfections and life-threatening complications such as sepsis, hemorrhage, intestinal failure or hyperuricemia. Therefore,research on the treatment of leukemia using laboratory animal models is of great significance. For the study of leukemia,mice are similar to humans in terms of biology, genetics, and hematopoietic systems, and are, therefore, ideal models forleukemia research. This article reviews the mouse models of leukemia used commonly in studies both in China and abroad in the past 5 years.