Objective To explore the biological properties of the porous composite material HAPw/ n-ZnOimplanted into the back muscles of tree shrew. Methods Fifteen healthy 12-month old male and female tree shrews wereselected, and each of the back muscles were implanted with porous composite materials, including HAPw/ n-Zno, bio-ossbone powder, ATLANTIK artificial bone, and domestic product Jinshi Zhiguling artificial bone. Four animals were randomlysacrificed at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks after surgery, and the gross observation, histopathological examination,alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and calcium content were determined. Results The pathological examination usingHE staining revealed calcification in the muscle tissues in both of HAPw/ n-ZnO and control groups. Obvious inflammatorycell infiltration in the muscle tissues was seen in the experimental group. Masson staining showed green-stained collagenfibers around the implanted material in both the experimental and control groups. There were significant differences in thealkaline phosphatase activities and calcium concentration among the experimental, Jinshi Zhiguling artificial bone, and Bio-Oss groups. The result of Jinshi Zhiguling artificial bone and Bio-Oss groups were better than the experimental group, andthere were no significant differences compared with that of ATLANTIK artificial bone group. Conclusions The four kindsof materials have osteogenic activity in the back muscle of tree shrews, with no heterotopic osteogenesis, and induce inflammatory reaction.