Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide, and the morbidity and mortality rate is increasing year by year with patients tending to be younger. The colorectal cancer mouse model increases our understanding of human colorectal cancer characteristics and cancer prevention and treatment. Murine models of colorectal cancer can be divided into spontaneous, induced, transplanted tumor, and transgenic models. However, none recapitulate all the characteristics of human colorectal cancer. The use of a specific mouse colorectal cancer model to address specific colorectal cancer research issues is critical. This paper has examined research literature both domestic and foreign to provide a review of the research progress of different mouse models of colorectal carcinoma over the past 20 years. The aim is to establish a suitable mouse model for the study of colorectal cancer.