Since the first space flights, the number of hours astronauts spend flying in space has increased. Studies have found that the weightlessness of space causes physiological and psychological changes in astronauts that influence their physical health. To explore the mechanisms of these effects and to identify reasonable countermeasures, it is essential to establish effective experimental animal models for simulating weightlessness and conduct in-depth studies. A successful weightlessness simulation model should mimic the changes that occur to major systems in humans, such as cardiovascular, bone, and muscle, due to weightlessness. This paper provides an overview of the existing ground-based weightlessness simulation models and related research to provide a rational strategy for the evaluation of weightlessness simulation models.