Objective To establish a model of fungal otitis media induced by Candida albicans and provide a useful animal model for drug efficacy evaluation. Methods Fifty healthy adult SD rats (50% male and 50% female) were randomly divided into a normal control group, blank injection group, moist group, immunosuppressive group, and moist immunosuppressive group, with 10 rats in each group. During the first 1 ~ 3 days of the experiment, a 0. 9% sodium chloride injection was administered twice daily to the right ears of the rats in the moist group, 0. 81 mg/ kg dexamethasone acetate was given daily by oral gavage to the immunosuppressive group, and 0. 81 mg/ kg dexamethasone acetate along with 0. 9% sodium chloride injection by oral gavage was given twice daily into the right ear of the rats in the moist immunosuppressive group. On day 4, after the animals in each group were anesthetized with diethyl ether, the moist, immunosuppressive, and moist immunosuppressive groups were injected with 1 × 1010 CFU/ mL C. albicans solution (50 μL to each rat), the blank group was injected with an equal volume of saline, the blank injection group was injected with an equal volume of blank culture solution, and the normal control group was given no treatment. Subsequently, a 0. 9% sodium chloride injection was administered twice daily to the right ears of rats in the moist and moist immunosuppressive groups. During the model-creation period, the general state of the rats in each group was observed. On the 5th, 10th, and 15th days of modeling, ear canal secretions were collected for C. albicans culture and Gram stain counting. On the 15th day of modeling, ELISA was used to detect interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-β (IL-β) in ear canal irrigation samples. HE staining was performed to observe pathological changes to the lung and middle ear tissues, and bacterial culture counts were performed. Results Compared with the blank injection group, the moist, immunosuppressive, and moist immunosuppressive groups all showed different degrees of otitis media symptoms, and the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly increased (P< 0. 05, P< 0. 01), with different degrees of mucosal congestion, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the middle ear. The number of C. albicans in the ear canal secretions of rats was significantly increased in both the immunosuppressive and moist immunosuppressive groups (P< 0. 05, P< 0. 01). Conclusions In this experiment, C. albicans was injected into the middle ear of rats through a tympanic membrane puncture to establish a model of fungal otitis media. The most effective model creation was under moist immunosuppressive conditions, and this model can be used to evaluate the effects of drugs.