Objective To explore the intrinsic biomaterial basis of the TCM syndrome of type 2 diabetes in adult SD rats through differential metabolic markers and metabolic pathways using urine untargeted metabolomics. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal and T2DM groups with deficiency of both qi and yin. The T2DM group with deficiency of both qi and yin was established by feeding a high fat and sugar diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of a small dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/ kg) and intragastric administration of Qingpi Fuzi powder granules. Untargeted metabonomic analysis of urine was performed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Potential biomarkers and pathway enrichment were identified by principal component analysis, partial least squares discriminant analysis, KEGG database, HMDB database, LIPIDMaps database, and MS/ MS tandem ion fragment information. Results Metabolite changes related to diabetes were found to involve nine carbohydrate, twelve lipid, nine amino acid, and two energy metabolic pathways. Conclusions There are carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, and bioenergy metabolism disorders in the biological model of qi yin deficiency in diabetes. Metabonomics are helpful to reveal the material basis of TCM syndromes.