With the process of the aging society, the incidence rate of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing year by year. Zebrafish as a model organism has been widely used in various research fields of medicine and life science due to its many advantages that other model organisms do not have. This article reviews the application and progress of zebrafish in the research of several common neurodegenerative diseases in recent years, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and other diseases related to the nervous system.