Objective By summarizing experimental data of animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its microvascular complications in rats and mice as animal models, the biochemical indexes were analyzed in order to provide theoretical reference for future experiments. Methods The main topics of “ type 2 diabetes” “ diabetic nephropathy” “diabetic foot” and “diabetic retinopathy” were searched on China National Knowledge Infrastructure and PubMed databases to screen out the journal literatures related to T2DM and microvascular complications in clinical and animal experiments published from October 31, 2019 to October 31, 2022. The subjects, disease types, detection indicators and other contents recorded in the literature were sorted out and summarized, and a database was established for statistical analysis. Results A total of 510 literatures were selected, among which fasting blood glucose was the most frequently used biochemical index in T2DM experiment, urine protein level was the most frequently used biochemical index in diabetic nephropathy experiment, and serum inflammatory factors were the most frequently used biochemical index in diabetic foot and diabetic retinopathy experiment. Conclusions By analyzing the application frequency of biochemical indicators in T2DM and its microvascular complications, this study can provide an important reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of the disease and the development of animal experiments.