Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters and dietary amines. It plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis, progress, and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent studies have revealed that elevated expression of MAOA in prostate cancer (PCa) is closely associated with tumor progression and drives the heterogeneity of PCa. In this review, we summarize the role of MAOA in the development of PCa in different disease stages, including oncogenesis, development, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance. We also discuss the involvement of MAOA in the tumor microenvironment and explore the potential utility of MAOA inhibitors. We further propose therapeutic strategies based on targeting MAOA in preclinical models to promote relevant clinical trials. This review aims to provide new potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of PCa.