Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal, progressive, X-linked recessive hereditary muscle disease caused by a mutation in the gene encoding dystrophin. Currently, no cure for DMD is available, and clinical research is progressing slowly. The establishment of animal models is becoming increasingly important for experimental research on DMD. Following the research findings that mdx mice have the same pathogenesis as DMD patients, this model is widely used in the study of DMD pathogenesis and drug development. Mitochondrial injury is one of the most important pathological mechanisms of DMD, and mitochondrial protection is a potential therapeutic strategy for DMD, and thus it is significant to study mitochondrial injury in mdx mice. This article reviews the progress of research into mitochondrial injury in DMD model mdx mice in recent years to provide a reference for related experiments.