The neural circuit is the material carrier for the realization of brain function, consisting of a complex network of different neurons. Neural circuit identification technology tracks the structure and activity of specific neural circuits, to study their adequacy and necessity for brain function, which is crucial for understanding the pathogenesis of brain diseases. As a high-tech tool in the fields of neuroscience and brain science, neural circuit identification technology has been gradually introduced into basic traditional Chinese medicine ( TCM) research in recent years. This systematic review considers the principles of neural circuit identification technology and progress in its application in the field of TCM neuroscience. We note that future developments in this field should be based on the overall concept of TCM characteristics and the design of syndrome differentiation and treatment. Further research on the neural circuit mechanisms of diverse method of TCM in diseases will help to promote the deep integration of TCM and modern neuroscience.