Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) models are divided into four major categories: spontaneous, induced, humanized and gene knockout models. Lupus animal models are of great significance for studying the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of SLE. By reviewing and comparing various lupus animal models, we aim to elucidate the main features, advantages, and disadvantages of different types of SLE models. This review provides a reference for researchers aiming to select appropriate models for the exploring genetic and environmental factors, pathogenic mechanisms, and therapeutic modalities of SLE.